1.合金元素
1. alloy elements
6063合金是铝镁硅为主要元素配制的合金，每一种元素均有一定范围的含量，镁的价格高.有的厂家为了减少成本，把镁的用量少到较少允许含量。有的更甚者，把镁的含量低于允许的较少含量。压花铝卷, 涂层铝卷, 花纹铝卷,防锈铝卷，还有的厂在合金中加废电线和废盆废铝锅，基本谈不上6063合金。致使铝型材机械强度很低，可以低到用两手一弯很容易弯曲，俗称象面条一样软。这就是铝材为什么能便宜几千元原因之一。
6063 alloy is Al Mg Si as the main element of the alloy, each element has a certain range of content, the price of magnesium is high. In order to reduce the cost, some manufacturers to reduce the amount of magnesium to the minimum allowable content. In some cases, the magnesium content is lower than the allowable minimum content. Embossed aluminum coil, coated aluminum roll, pattern aluminum roll, rust proof aluminum coil, and other factories in the alloy plus waste wires and waste pots and aluminum pots, basically can not talk about 6063 alloy. The mechanical strength of aluminum profile is very low, so it can be easily bent with two hands and one bend, commonly known as noodles. That's one reason why aluminum can cost several thousand yuan.
2.铝合金熔炼炉
2. aluminum alloy smelting furnace
配好的6063合金如何熔化，用什么炉子，这也至关重要的，现在国内采用的炉子有40年代水平的，也有90年代水平的，较差的厂家用原始的坩锅炉。有烧煤的、烧油的、烧气的和电加热的熔炼炉。有的炉子有烟囱的，有的炉子无烟囱。一般用的多为方型炉(矩形炉)，的为圆形炉，有的圆形炉可以倾斜倒铝水。论吨位有一吨、二吨、五吨、十吨、二十五吨和五十吨熔铝形炉。压花铝卷, 涂层铝卷, 花纹铝卷,防锈铝卷，比较一点的，在熔铝炉下面再加一个静置炉、静置炉重要配制6063合金用，可在此炉内除渣除气，静置，然后再铸造铝棒，铝天花吊顶以供挤压使用。在原始烧煤的炉子中和现代圆形炉配制的合金质量，不一样。一般炉子，不论烧什么燃料，均应有烟筒，燃料在燃烧过程中产生的废气废渣大部分可以从烟筒排出。如没烟筒废气废渣全部熔在铝水中，这样铸出供挤压用的铝棒，内部存在有严重的夹渣气泡，这是铝材质量低劣原因之一，这也是铝价便宜原因之一。
It is also essential for the 6063 alloy to be melted and what furnace is used. Now the domestic furnace has the level of 40s and the 90s level, and the worst manufacturer uses the original crucible boiler. There are coal burning, oil burning, gas burning and electric heating smelting furnace. Some of the stoves have chimneys, some of which have no chimneys. Generally used for square furnace (rectangular furnace), advanced for round furnace, some round furnace can tilt aluminum water. Tonnage has one ton, two tons, five tons, ten tons, twenty-five tons and fifty tons of aluminum melting furnace. Embossed aluminum coil, coated aluminum coil, decorative aluminum coil, antirust aluminum coil, a little more advanced, a static furnace and a static furnace are added under the aluminum melting furnace for 6063 alloy. In this furnace, the slag is degassed and placed, then aluminum rods are cast, and the ceiling of aluminum smallpox is used for extrusion. The quality of the alloy made from the original coal fired stove and the modern round furnace is absolutely different. Ordinary stoves, no matter what fuels they burn, should have chimneys. Most of the waste gas produced during the combustion of fuel can be discharged from the chimney. It is one of the reasons for the low quality of aluminum, which is one of the reasons for the low quality of aluminum, which is one of the reasons for the low quality of aluminum, which is one of the reasons for the poor quality of aluminum.
3.合金铸造
3. alloy casting
国内铸造设备水平，同样相差很远，国内较老的铸造设备有40年代水平的铁模铸造，的有液压半连续铸造。铁模铸造铸棒结晶组织很差，并在铸棒中有大量夹渣和气泡，铸棒质量很差，现在一般工厂用的比较普遍的是，水平铸造(又称连续铸造)和半连续铸造，半连续铸造大部分钢丝绳传动，较好的液压传动。半连续铸造棒的长度不等，一般为3米、4米直到8米。半连续铸造是地坑式，一边铸造一边下降，四周用冷水四面冷却，由于水冷四周均匀，铸棒结晶组织均匀细密。但钢丝绳向下传动，不如液压传动平稳，液压铸造的铸棒表面比其它铸棒表面均光滑。铸棒表面光滑是挤压好型材的先决条件之一。压花铝卷, 涂层铝卷, 花纹铝卷,防锈铝卷，用其它方法铸出铸棒表面比较粗糙，为了保证型材质量，有时对铸棒先车一刀，车去铸棒粗糙的外表。现在常用的半连续铸造模，为的、热顶同水平铸造模，这种铸造模的特点一次可以灌铸好几根到几十根，同时浇铸质量好，有了高质量6063铝合金铸棒，才能有可能生产出好的铝型材，如果用原始陈旧的铸造设备不可能铸造好的铸棒，也根本无法生产出好的铝型材。国内有不少铝材厂，没有生产铝棒的设备，而是向电铝厂或其它厂购置6063合金棒，这样的铝材厂，铝材质量掌握在生产铸棒厂手中，生产出的铝材很难达到质量稳定。用落后设备比用铸造设备，一是投资小，生产费用低，这也是为什么铝材销售差价大原因之一 涂层铝卷

The level of foundry equipment in China is also far from the same. The oldest casting equipment in China has iron casting in 40s, and advanced hydraulic semi continuous casting. The mould casting rod has a poor crystal structure, and there are a lot of slag and bubble in the casting bar. The quality of the casting rod is very poor. Now the common use of the General Factory is the horizontal casting (also called continuous casting) and semi continuous casting. The semi continuous casting is most of the wire rope transmission and the best hydraulic transmission. Semi continuous casting rods vary in length, usually 3 meters and 4 meters to 8 meters. Semi continuous casting is a pit type, casting down one side, cooling around four sides with cold water, because the water cooling is uniform around all sides, the crystal structure of the casting rod is uniform and fine. However, when the wire rope is driven downward, the hydraulic transmission is stable, and the surface of the casting rod is more smooth than that of the other casting rods. Smooth surface of the casting bar is one of the prerequisites for extruding profiles. Embossed aluminum rolls, coated aluminum rolls, rolled aluminum rolls, antirust aluminum rolls and rough surface by other methods. In order to ensure the quality of the profile, sometimes a knife is first taken for the rod, and the car goes to the rough surface of the rod. The commonly used semi continuous casting dies are advanced, hot top and horizontal casting dies. The characteristics of the casting die can be cast in several to dozens of roots at one time, and the quality of the casting is good, with a high quality 6063 aluminum alloy casting bar to make it possible to produce good aluminum profile, if it is impossible to cast with the original old casting equipment. Good casting rods can not produce good aluminum profiles at all. There are many aluminum factories in China, which do not produce aluminum rod equipment, but buy 6063 alloy rods to the electric aluminum factory or other factories. This aluminum factory is in the hands of the production casting rod factory. The aluminum material produced is very difficult to achieve the quality stability. The use of backward equipment is superior to that of advanced casting equipment. First, the investment is small and the production cost is low. This is also one of the reasons for the difference in the sale price of aluminum materials.
4.型材挤压
Extrusion of 4. profile
我国型材挤压机种类繁多，档次高低悬殊，也为世界之较。有工厂自己的简易挤压机，有用压挤塑料机改造的，有少量国产的，其次大部分是台湾的，鬼子的，美国的和德国的，有水压的、油压的。压花铝卷, 涂层铝卷, 花纹铝卷,防锈铝卷总之国内几百台挤压机五花八门。普遍认为鬼子、美国、德国挤压机较好，其次是台湾的。好和差的挤压机，同样的铸棒，挤出的型材质量决不二样。我们经常看到建筑铝门窗用6063T5，这是美国牌号通用。 。
There are many kinds of profile extruders in China, which are the highest in the world. The factory has its own simple extruding machine, which is reformed with the extrusion plastic machine, with a small amount of domestic, and the second most are Taiwan, the ghost, the United States and Germany, with water pressure and oil pressure. Embossed aluminum coil, coated aluminum roll, pattern aluminum roll, rust proof aluminum coil, in short, there are hundreds of extruders in China. It is generally believed that devil, American and German extruders are better, followed by Taiwan. Good and poor extruders, the same casting rods, the quality of extruded profiles is no different. We often see 6063T5 used in building aluminum doors and windows, which is an international brand in the United States.
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